So it does still remain a dream, to make Linux like an outreach tool for many NGO's which are struggling to find a way to showase their work. It just does not end there.

The idea is to start of with offering the NGO's a Linux network, depending on the NGO's budget constraint on hardware procurement. And them to train staff on using the Linux tools like evolution, openoffice etc. And according to their needs design a decent website that would help to project themselves on the cyberworld. All the software needs would be done for *free*.

Now, what happens when the setup is done? Who would administor the network? And who would design or update websites for them? The plausible solution to this would be have a final year engineering graduates be placed with these NGO's giving them such support. In turn these getting valuable experience as well.

What do i gain? Seriously, nothing! My drive for money is nil! But my drive to make this world a better place is more!

Mind you! This is just a Dream but it a possible one!

Linux Tutorial Site

sa depan, apa lagi kalau bukan Linux, the open source operating system. Situs ini memberikan materi-materi sistem operasi Linux yang telah di kelompokkan menjadi bebarapa topik utama, yaitu dimulai dari pengenalan sistem operasi Linux yang akan menjelaskan apa itu Linux, bagaimana sejarahnya, prospek masa depannya, dan beberapa tanggapan ahli TI dunia mengenai Linux, juga disertakan data-data perusahaan dan lembaga pendidikan yang telah menggunakan Linux sebagai tulang punggung solusi TI di instansinya.

Bagian utama selanjutnya adalah mengenai Managemen File dan Directory di sistem operasi ini. Anda akan mengetahui operasi-operasi yang dapat dijalankan terhadap file dan directory sehingga sistem file anda akan lebih efisien dan efektif. Operasi yang akan dibahas meliputi perintah-perintah sederhana dan umum seperti penyalinan dan pemindahan file sampai yang lebih lanjut seperti mencari suatu string dalam suatu file. Setelah anda mengetahui sedikit banyak tentang file dan directory anda akan diajak ketopik yang lain, yaitu administrasi sistem. Bagaimana anda mengatur sistem komputer dengan Linux dan lainnya yang berhubungan dengan sistem akan anda jumpai disini.

Selain materi-materi tersebut diatas, situs ini juga menyediakan materi tentang X-Window (GUI-nya Linux), Pemrograman di lingkungan Linux baik shell programming maupun pemrograman menggunakan High Level Language seperti C/ C++ dan Perl. Hal yang cukup vital seperti jaringan juga akan dibahas, yaitu pada bagian Network. Bagi yang tertarik untuk mengetahui apa saja yang dapat dikerjakan Linux silakan lihat bagian Commands yang berisi manual penggunaan hampir semua perintah yang ada disistem operasi Linux.

Linux Tutorial Site

sa depan, apa lagi kalau bukan Linux, the open source operating system. Situs ini memberikan materi-materi sistem operasi Linux yang telah di kelompokkan menjadi bebarapa topik utama, yaitu dimulai dari pengenalan sistem operasi Linux yang akan menjelaskan apa itu Linux, bagaimana sejarahnya, prospek masa depannya, dan beberapa tanggapan ahli TI dunia mengenai Linux, juga disertakan data-data perusahaan dan lembaga pendidikan yang telah menggunakan Linux sebagai tulang punggung solusi TI di instansinya.

Bagian utama selanjutnya adalah mengenai Managemen File dan Directory di sistem operasi ini. Anda akan mengetahui operasi-operasi yang dapat dijalankan terhadap file dan directory sehingga sistem file anda akan lebih efisien dan efektif. Operasi yang akan dibahas meliputi perintah-perintah sederhana dan umum seperti penyalinan dan pemindahan file sampai yang lebih lanjut seperti mencari suatu string dalam suatu file. Setelah anda mengetahui sedikit banyak tentang file dan directory anda akan diajak ketopik yang lain, yaitu administrasi sistem. Bagaimana anda mengatur sistem komputer dengan Linux dan lainnya yang berhubungan dengan sistem akan anda jumpai disini.

Selain materi-materi tersebut diatas, situs ini juga menyediakan materi tentang X-Window (GUI-nya Linux), Pemrograman di lingkungan Linux baik shell programming maupun pemrograman menggunakan High Level Language seperti C/ C++ dan Perl. Hal yang cukup vital seperti jaringan juga akan dibahas, yaitu pada bagian Network. Bagi yang tertarik untuk mengetahui apa saja yang dapat dikerjakan Linux silakan lihat bagian Commands yang berisi manual penggunaan hampir semua perintah yang ada disistem operasi Linux.

Perintah untuk berbagai operasi dasar di sistem operasi linux, beserta penjelasannya, dapat saudara lihat pada tabel yang telah penulis susun sebagai berikut:

Oleh: iyan@palembang.linux.or.id
Dari: http://www.dariwindowskelinux.com/how-to/index.php?howto_id=25

Esta es una captura de pantalla de cómo va quedando la aplicación con un aspecto muy KDE4.

Noticias relacionadas:
Amarok 2 Alpha 1
Neon o Amarok al instante
3 scripts imprescindibles para Amarok

Nel trasferire gli articoli ho deciso di "dargli un taglio" per renderli più sintetici. Così troverete per ogni articolo l'immagine e una piccola introduzione iniziale. Se il resto dell'articolo vi interessa potete cliccare semplicemente su "Leggi il seguito di questo post". A presto ;)

Volevo chiedere se qualcuno di voi aveva esperienza nel

• Fare backup
• Rubrica Treo e quella di Evolution
• Caricare applicazioni per installarle

Prima di questo però se qualcuno è riuscito a farlo vedere a Linux questo palmare. Come linux uso Ubuntu al momento e la connessione è via USB.

Previously I tested the first beta of Flash 10 and was impressed by the new 3D features and performance. Here’s an even easier way to test out Flash Player 10 Beta 2 in Ubuntu 8.04:

1. Remove any previous versions of Flash. If you installed it from the repositories, this is not necessary because the package you will be installing is a newer version.If you know you installed Flash manually, see Adobe’s instructions for manual removal on Linux.
2. Flash 10 will be included in the upcoming Ubuntu 8.10 release, and has already been packaged. You can install this DEB package in Ubuntu 8.04 by downloading it manually.Download and install the DEB package from the page below; scroll down to the downloads section and select your CPU architecture and a mirror:
   http://packages.ubuntu.com/intrepid/flashplugin-nonfree
3. Restart Firefox to load the new version of Flash.

Flash 10 Beta 1 worked great, so I was surprised that this version is unusable for me. With Compiz desktop effects turned on, applets freeze up or slow down Firefox. With Compiz off, some graphical effects still stutter and Firefox will occasionally crash. I’ve also noticed some applets display blurry and with other visual bugs. Also, Flash 10 also is now unusably slow in my Ubuntu virtual machine.

Having problems and want to downgrade to Flash 9? Remove the new package, and install it again from the normal repository:
sudo apt-get remove flashplugin-nonfree
sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree

via tombuntu.com

• Ero in vacanza (e qui nessuno parli, pena ban immediato :D )
• Ho provato a installare Leo4All (in sostanza, avere Mac su Win) dopo un backup di tutti i dati personali ma non di tutto il resto (non ho un HD esterno ahimè). Risultato: tabella delle partizioni cancellata e irrecuperabile, formattone riparatore e ora si riparte da zero. I miei 25 Gb di musica? Iti. Films, giochi e tutto il resto? Andato per sempre. Ah, quanto amo i computers :D
• Sono ultimamente molto preso da un MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game - in soldoni un gioco di ruolo online) chiamato "Dofus". Semplice, veloce e soprattutto basato unicamente su un motore in Flash (!). Considerando poi che la community italiana è ben più che attiva e che a noi è dedicato un intero server direi che un giretto vi consiglio di farcelo. Lo trovate qui.
• Mi sono dedicato al modding più totale del mio Win XP, tra temi, stili, colori, caratteri. Dunque se qualcuno ne conosce di carini (e di rilassanti e semplici!) può segnalarlo con la funzione commenti o via email, grazie :D .
• Ho installato Ubuntu 8.04 (o meglio, ho provato), nuova versione che si segnala per la sorprendente capacità di installarlo come se fosse un normalissimo programma per Win (con relativa funzione "installa/rimuovi" dal Pannello di Controllo) ma che ci permette di sfruttarlo come se fosse con una installazione tradizionale. Non male, veramente niente male. Peccato solo per gli 8 Gb di spazio richiesto (per voi non saranno un problema, ma io ho solo 100 Gb di HD e ribadisco, nessun HD esterno, quindi se me ne volete regalare uno non mi offendo ;) ).

Detto questo, ieri ho toccato per la prima volta con mano un iPhone 3g. Come è stato? Considerate che ho provato una versione "demo" (!!! Non credevo esistessero anche demo di cellulari) in cui anche chicche come l'accelerometro erano disabilitate e non si potevano scorrere le pagine (scandaloso). In ogni caso, è strabiliante. Mai vista una cosa del genere, risponde pienamente alle aspettative. Unica delusione è la meccanicità del tasto HOME (quello sotto lo schermo), un po' troppo, per l'appunto, "meccanico". Non so se era questione della versione demo o cosa, ma una bella oliata non avrebbe guastato :D . In ogni caso l'ho provato per circa 30 secondi, quindi le mie impressioni sono esclusivamente superficiali. Come avrete già immaginato, non possiedo un iPhone 3g, quindi se qualcuno volesse donarmene uno (o anche la versione "old" - il modello vecchio - se volete) credo che non mi farò problemi. E giusto perchè siete voi, mi accollo anche le spese di spedizione và, mi voglio rovinare! ;)
L'iPhone provato era al MediaWorld, mentre poi ho fatto un salto con la mia bellissima compagna (Silvia ti adoro!) all'APR (Apple Premium Reseller) di Pesaro, aperto da meno di un mese. Ironia della sorte, siamo arrivati alle 15:15, il disco orario scadeva alle 16:45 e il negozio avrebbe aperto alle 17. Abbiamo sbavato un po' sul vetro del negozio e siamo andati via :D . Ah, per la cronaca, la mia Silvietta si è letteralmente *innamorata* di uno splendido iMac da 24''. Era veramente bellissimo, come darle torto?

Per il resto credo che ci siano poche novità. Lunedì ripartirò verso parenti lontani (eh sì, queste vacanze me le voglio proprio godere!) e starò via una settimanella credo. Poi cercherò un lavoretto fino a Ottobre, data di inizio della mia avventura universitaria. Staremo a vedere.

Have a nice day!!!

gioggi2002

而在 Unix* 作業系統底下還存在一種特殊的 thread 稱之為 kernel thread(核心執行緒)，

kernel thread 未必只有執行核心的某種功能，亦可能與某個 User program 有關係，

然而 kernel thread 與一般的 process 比較起來具有較輕鬆的環境切換代價，通常稱之為 Context switch，

它發生在 process 調用 scheduler 進行排程的時候，要把當前 process 所用到的 CPU 資訊給儲存起來，

包含了 Register(暫存器)等等。

因為 thread 屬於簡單的 execution flow 所以每當要進行 Context switch 時，要儲存的資料會比較少，因此負擔會輕一些！

kernel thread 的特性如下：

• 運作在 Kernel space & Kernel Mode
• 不與 User 進行互動，因此不需要終端機設備
• 於系統啟動時期建立，存活到系統關閉為止

在傳統的 Unix 作業系統，偶爾會將一些關鍵的任務委派給執行中的 process ，比如像是 Page swapping、服務網路連線、Disk cache等等之類的。

不過現在的作業系統大多都會把這些任務放在背景去執行，避免使用線性的方式而得到不好的效能，

特別是 kernel thread 只運作在 kernel space 之中，因此這些工作最好都交給 kernel thread 來做最適當不過了！

kernel_thread()函式可以用來建立新的 kernel thread，函式存在 linux/arch/i386/kernel/process.c 之中：

int kernel_thread(int (*fn)(void *), void * arg, unsigned long flags)
{
struct pt_regs regs;memset(&regs, 0, sizeof(regs));

regs.ebx = (unsigned long) fn;
regs.edx = (unsigned long) arg;

regs.xds = __USER_DS;
regs.xes = __USER_DS;
regs.xfs = __KERNEL_PERCPU;
regs.orig_eax = -1;
regs.eip = (unsigned long) kernel_thread_helper;
regs.xcs = __KERNEL_CS | get_kernel_rpl();
regs.eflags = X86_EFLAGS_IF | X86_EFLAGS_SF | X86_EFLAGS_PF | 0x2;

/* Ok, create the new process.. */
return do_fork(flags | CLONE_VM | CLONE_UNTRACED, 0, &regs, 0, NULL, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_thread);

可以看到 kernel_thread() 函式的參數包括：

• fn：要被執行的核心函式位置
• arg：該函式的引數
• 第三個是一組 Clone flags

而在 kernel_thread() 之中可以看到調用了 do_fork() 建立新的process，然而該參數的意義如下：

• CLONE_VM：避免浪費時間在複製呼叫這個函式的行程的 Page 對映表
• CLONE_UNTRACED：確保新的 kernel thread 不會被任何行程追蹤
• pregs 指向了 &regs 這個結構的位址，當中包含了相應於 Kernel Mode Stack 裡面的位址

一些典型的例子，例如 Swapper, init process 都是屬於 kernel thread，雖然在Linux 使用 kernel thread 地方很有限，但是卻是用來執行幾個重要的核心功能。

Ref: Understanding the Linux Kernel 3e

login as root (type) : su

Enter Your Password : *******

and Type : nano /etc/sudoers

scroll down and you gona see this below:

## Allow root to run any commands anywhere

root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL
govath ALL=(ALL)    ALL

Lets say you want to add user named GOVATH

Then press ctrl+X then Y and enter.

That's it!

$ gparted

and you'll see this dialog

Do you see that? It said that gparted can be a weapon of mass destruction, and yes it is right, that's why you have to be a root to run it. This is the first evidence that Linux's shell is really funny.

Next, you'll see that shell can interact with people, even more having a kind of conversation with people. I took this screen shot on my PC running Ubuntu 8.04

Could you believe that?

Wanna see it's joking, try to run this command from your shell

$ sudo apt-get moo

what you'll get is

Funny, right?

Now, having read this, you must believe me shell is funny. FYI, people often called these 'Easter eggs', the funny things which is put by the programmer inside their software. The point of all of these, is that shell is just another way to interact with our Linux box. And if you try to know it, you will find that it is great, nice, and also fun.

Note: the apt-get command may only run on Debian GNU/Linux and its derrivative such as Ubuntu, Simply Mepis, Kuliax, etc. I have ever heard that PCLinuxOS also use this tool, but I've never tried it yet.

ipchains
Pada umumnya Kernel yang modern telah mendukung "ipchains". IP Chains adalah suatu penulisan ulang terhadap ip.
Peringatan!! Bagian ini tidak pernah dicoba - karena saya belum melakukan instalasi ipchains
Berikut ini adalah script sederhana untuk memungkinkan komputer pada sistem Gambar 1 menangani pesan melalui gateway anda ke internet.
/etc/rc.d/init.d/pfilter:
#!/bin/sh
# pfilter -- start/stop packet filter services
# Allow use of autoconfiguration (RH 5.2)
# chkconfig: 345 90 25
#
NAME=$0
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Memulai Packet Filter... "
# 2.1.x/2.2.x secara default menonaktifkan IP forwarding
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# menghapus setting sebelumnya:
/sbin/ipchains -F
# policy defaultnya adalah "deny"
/sbin/ipchains -P forward DENY
# melakukan brokir terhadap trafik autodial pada Windows, misalnya:
/sbin/ipchains -A forward -j DENY -p tcp -s 0.0.0.0/0 137:139
# /sbin/ipchains -A forward -j DENY -p udp -s 0.0.0.0/0 137:139
# menyediakan layanan masquerade bagi komputer lokal
# masquerade interface ppp0 - ganti/ tambah interface lainnya sesuai
dengan kebutuhan
/sbin/ipchains -A forward -j MASQ -i ppp0
# mungkin saja anda membutuhkan yang berikut ini pada
# install module ini jika anda membutuhkannya
# /sbin/insmod ip_masq_cuseeme
# /sbin/insmod ip_masq_ftp
# /sbin/insmod ip_masq_irc
# /sbin/insmod ip_masq_quake
# /sbin/insmod ip_masq_raudio
# /sbin/insmod ip_masq_vdolive
echo "Selesai."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Menghentikan..."
# don't think you need these with IP chains - let me know !!
# install these modules if you have a need for them...
# /sbin/rmmod ip_masq_cuseeme
# /sbin/rmmod ip_masq_ftp
# /sbin/rmmod ip_masq_irc
# /sbin/rmmod ip_masq_quake
# /sbin/rmmod ip_masq_raudio
# /sbin/rmmod ip_masq_vdolive
# /sbin/ipchains forward -F
echo "Done."
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
Masquerading harus diaktifkan setelah service network bekerja. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan salah satu cara berikut ini :
a) menambah command
/etc/rc.d/init.d/pfilter
dalam file /etc/rc.d/rc.local sehingga masquerading akan dijalankan pada setiap bootup sistem.
b) metode yang lebih baik dilakukan jika sistem anda mendukung pemakaian chkconfig adalah dengan menggunakan perintah
chkconfig --add pfilter
Perintah diatas membuat suatu start dan stop links ke masq script untuk semua runlevel
ipmasqadm
ipchain bisa saja menyebabkan pemblokiran terhadap beberapa paket ip yang perlu dilewatkan ke internet pada game-game tertentu. Hal ini diatasi dengan menggunakan suatu paket ipmasqadm. Bacalah dokumentasi tentang ipmasqadm. Suatu percobaan yang sederhana perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nomor port yang digunakan oleh aplikasi game tersebut :misalnya.
Sisipkan kode startup berikut untuk packet filtering:
Fix untuk Starcraft/ Brood War fix - belum dicoba !
ipmasqadm autofw -A -r tcp 6112 6112 -h
ipmasqadm autofw -A -r udp 6112 6112 -h
Fix untuk Diablo fix - belum dicoba !
ipmasqadm autofw -A -r udp 6112 6112 -c tcp 116
ipmasqadm autofw -A -r udp 6112 6112 -c tcp 118
Proxy Servers
Bagian ini akan mediskusikan bagaimana melakukan setup suatu proxy server dan paket apa yang tersedia pada service proxy untuk jaringan anda.
Apache
Apache adalah salah satu web server yang paling banyak digunakan, dan disebarkan melalui banyak distribusi Linux. Sesuatu hal yang jarang diketahui, adalah Apache dapat juga berfungsi sebagai suatu proxy server untuk jaringan, supaya dapat melakukan hal ini, anda perlu melakukan edit terhadap konfigurasi file Apache Web yang terdapat pada direktori /etc/httpd/conf dan menambahkan baris-baris berikut:
httpd.conf:
# Proxy Server directives. Uncomment the following line to
# enable the proxy server:
ProxyRequests On
# To enable the cache as well, edit and uncomment the following lines:
CacheRoot /var/cache/httpd
CacheSize 5
CacheGcInterval 4
CacheMaxExpire 24
CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1
CacheDefaultExpire 1
NoCache
Apache juga mampu melakukan FTP proxying, dan dapat juga dikombinasikan dengan SOCKS (lihat yang berikut ini).
Socks
Socks adalah suatu mekanisme proxy pada jaringan dimana memungkinkan host-host yang berada pada sisi SOCKS server mendapatkan akses penuh ke host-host yang berada di sisi lain dari SOCKS server tanpa menggunakan IP yang dapat dicapai secara langsung. Hal ini bekerja dengan mengarahkan kembali permintaan koneksi (connection requests) dari suatu host pada satu sisi ke host yang berada di sisi lain pada SOCKS server, dalam hal ini akan melakukan identifikasi yang memperbolehkan akses tersebut atau tidak, membangun suatu koneksi proxy untuk melewatkan data yang masuk dan keluar. Hal ini tepatnya berfungsi sebagai suatu firewall jaringan yang mana memungkinkan host-host yang berada dibelakang suatu SOCKS server untuk mendapatkan akses penuh ke internet dan dapat mencegah akses yang yang tidak diperbolehkan dari internet ke host-host internal.
Socks datang dengan 2 paket, yaitu :
- satu untuk server yang mana diinstall paada komputer Linux gateway,
- satu lagi untuk klien [SocksCap16/32 unttuk Windows , atau runsocks untuk Linux] yang harus diinstall pada sistem klien.
Anda perlu melakukan setup program socks klien pada setiap program yang membutuhkan socks service.Socks juga dapat mendukung UDP proxy, hal ini berarti dia juga dapat bekerja pada sejumlah games. Socks5 menggunakan suatu konfigurasi file pada server (Sistem Unix : file ini adalah /etc/socks5.conf).
httpd.conf:
auth - - -
interface 192.168.1. - -
permit - - 192.168.1. - - -
Squid
Suatu paket alternatif yang sering digunakan untuk memungkinkan service proxy adalah squid. Squid bertindak sebagai suatu proxy caching server yang berkemampuan tinggi untuk FTP, Gopher dan HTTP (Web)
Pemakaian proxy caching server akan menghemat waktu akses dan bandwidth, karena proxy caching server akan melakukan cache terhadap data yang telah diminta dari internet pada proxy server lokal, dan hasil cache tersebut dapat digunakan kembali untuk melayani permintaan berikutnya akan data yang sama.
Secara default, squid diinstall kedalam direktori /usr/local/squid . File konfigurasi squid.conf. dapat saja berada pada suatu subdirektori etc dalam direktori tertentu, atau berada pada subdirektori /etc yang sebenarnya Konfigurasi file berikut mengandung perintah yang mana menentukan siapa saja yang diperbolehkan untuk menggunakan proxy server.Suatu contoh untuk file squid.conf adalah:
squid.conf:
daftar Access control. Hal ini sangat penting karena mencegah
pencurian resource jaringan oleh orang lain. Isikan pada "allowed_hosts"
ACL,dengan alamat jaringan (misalnya 192.168.200.0 dan mask jaringan
anda (misalnya 255.255.255.0):
acl manager proto cache_object
acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255
acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
acl allowed_hosts src 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
http_access deny manager all
http_access allow allowed_hosts
http_access deny all
icp_access allow allowed_hosts
icp_access deny all
Pada contoh diatas, ganti bagian yang ber-cetak tebal network dan netmask dengan alamat IP dan netmask yang sesuai dengan jaringan anda. Setelah melakukan konfigurasi, pertama kali squid perlu diaktifkan dengan parameter -z yang berfungsi untuk melakukan setup suatu cache direktori. Akhirnya, suatu startup script harus di buat untuk memulai operasi squid. Suatu contoh startup script untuk squid pada RH5.2 adalah:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/squid:
!/bin/bash
# squid This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
# Squid Internet Object Cache
#
# chkconfig: - 90 25
# description: Squid - Internet Object Cache. Internet object caching is
\
# a way to store requested Internet objects (i.e., data available \
# via the HTTP, FTP, and gopher protocols) on a system closer to the \
# requesting site than to the source. Web browsers can then use the \
# local Squid cache as a proxy HTTP server, reducing access time as \
# well as bandwidth consumption.
# pidfile: /var/run/squid.pid
# config: /etc/squid.conf
PATH=/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin
export PATH
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
# check if the squid conf file is present
[ -f /etc/squid.conf ] || exit 0
# determine the name of the squid binary
[ -f /usr/sbin/squid ] && SQUID=squid
[ -f /usr/sbin/squid.novm ] && SQUID=squid.novm
[ -z "$SQUID" ] && exit 0
# determine which one is the cache_swap directory
CACHE_SWAP=`sed -e 's/#.*//g' /etc/squid.conf | \
grep cache_dir | sed -e 's/cache_dir//' | \
tr -d '\n'`
[ -z "$CACHE_SWAP" ] && CACHE_SWAP=/var/spool/squid
# default squid options
# -D disables initial dns checks. If you most likely will not to have an
# internet connection when you start squid, uncomment this
#SQUID_OPTS="-D"
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $SQUID: "
[ ! -d $CACHE_SWAP/00 ] && \
echo -n "init_cache_dir $CACHE_SWAP... " && $SQUID -z -F 2>/dev/null
$SQUID $SQUID_OPTS &
echo $SQUID
touch /var/lock/subsys/$SQUID
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping $SQUID: "
$SQUID -k shutdown &
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$SQUID
while : ; do
[ -f /var/run/squid.pid ] || break
sleep 2 && echo -n "."
done
echo "done"
;;
restart)
$SQUID $SQUID_OPTS -k reconfigure
exit $?
;;
status)
status $SQUID
$SQUID -k check
exit $?
;;
probe)
exit 0;
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
Konfigurasi browser anda untuk menggunakan proxy server
Jika anda telah memilih proxy service untuk layanan jaringan anda, anda perlu melakukan konfigurasi pada web browser di setiap komputer klien (kecuali komputer gateway anda) agar dapat menggunakan fasilitas proxy server tersebut.
Anda tidak perlu melakukan hal ini pada Masquerading/Packet Filtering!
Pada Netscape hal ini dapat ditemukan pada menu Preferences dan didalam Advanced/Proxies. Pilih Manual Configuration yang mana akan memungkinkan anda untuk mengisi alamat IP dan port dari komputer proxy server. Setting standard untuk port proxy server adalah :
http: 80
ftp: 21
gopher: 70

Ma come nasce l'idea di Abaco? Punto Informatico lo ha chiesto ai diretti interessati, che spiegano che si tratta di una storia lunga: "Potremmo dire che prende avvio alcuni anni fa da riflessioni legate al mondo della scuola. Il nostro impegno principale è stato innanzitutto quello di promuovere la tecnologia all'interno dell'ambito scolastico, affiancando docenti e tecnici di laboratorio in tutte quelle problematiche relative al mondo tecnologico".

Molto spesso, spiegano, il rinnovo o l'allestimento di nuovi laboratori informatici finisce per diventare "motivo di stress e fonte di problemi legati ad un mercato poco trasparente e scarsamente lungimirante: speculare sulle scuole è quanto di più miope si possa fare, e ne vediamo chiaramente i frutti, rispetto alla scuola e relativamente alla serietà del mercato informatico italiano". Meglio, semmai, puntare "all'integrazione di metodologie didattiche improntate a un uso sano e il più possibile consapevole delle tecnologie in senso ampio".

Spazio, dunque, ad una piattaforma hardware semplice da gestire e dalle prestazioni adeguate: processore Atom da 1,6 GHz, 1 giga di RAM, hard disk da 250 gigabyte e un masterizzatore DVD di tipo slim come quello montato sui portatili. Scheda grafica e scheda di rete sono integrate sulla scheda madre, e garantiscono prestazioni proporzionate ad un uso di studio e di ufficio, e sulla motherboard si trovano pure uno slot PCI, 6 porte USB e le porte seriali e parallele. Dal case, piccolo ma non troppo e che si può tenere in verticale o in orizzontale, resta fuori l'alimentatore: un po' come succede con il Mac Mini e con molti computer dal formato estremamente ridotto. Assente ingiustificata, un'antenna per la connessione WiFi.

Abaco, forse, non ha potenza da vendere, ma è in grado di offrire il giusto ad una precisa fetta di utenti: "Il lavoro svolto nell'arco di quasi un decennio con migliaia di insegnanti di tutta Italia e non solo - proseguono quelli di Acab SRL - ha fatto nascere l'idea di Abaco. Abbiamo dovuto riconoscere che un particolare apparentemente banale sembrava ricollegare magicamente tutti i discorsi e le differenti attitudini: tutti sembravano chiedere macchine semplici, con prestazioni ordinarie ma affidabili ed economiche, che offrissero solo ciò che realmente serve alla scuola e ad una ben precisa fetta di utilizzatori, quelli cioè che ancora non conoscono il computer".

La scelta dei componenti garantisce quindi di navigare, scrivere una email o una tesina, guardare foto e video in assoluta tranquillità. E non è un caso neppure la scelta di Ubuntu come sistema operativo: "Non è stata dettata soltanto dai costi legati alla licenza - raccontano - è più che altro una posizione motivata dalle nostre attitudini culturali in quanto gruppo estremamente variegato di tecnofili, e non ultimo dalle speranze per un'evoluzione democratica della società digitale contemporanea".

Fonte: punto-informatico

Continua la pagina 2

Hoy queria comentaros el visor de imágenes por defecto que vengo usando desde Ubuntu Gutsy y la verdad es que es bastante más rápido y con una interfaz que seguro que le suena a más de uno que venga del sistema Window$.

Se trata de Gpic View y como podemos ver su interfaz es bastante simple y parecida al visor de imagenes de Windows (con los controles abajo y dando las mismas opciones que su simil privativo).

Para instalarlo, basta con teclear desde un terminal la siguiente orden:

$ sudo aptitude install gpicview

Y para que sea nuestro visor de imágenes predeterminado basta con seguir los pasos descritos en este post: Asociar un programa a un tipo de fichero

salu2!!

Nama "Linux" berasal dari nama kernelnya (kernel Linux), yang dibuat tahun 1991 oleh Linus Torvalds. Sistemnya, peralatan sistem dan pustakanya umumnya berasal dari sistem operasi GNU, yang diumumkan tahun 1983 oleh Richard Stallman. Kontribusi GNU adalah dasar dari munculnya nama alternatif GNU/Linux.[3]

Linux telah lama dikenal untuk penggunaannya di server, dan didukung oleh perusahaan-perusahaan komputer ternama seperti Dell, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Novell, Oracle Corporation, Red Hat, dan Sun Microsystems. Linux digunakan sebagai sistem operasi di berbagai macam jenis perangkat keras komputer, termasuk komputer desktop, superkomputer, dan sistem benam seperti pembaca buku elektronik, sistem permainan video (PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 dan XBox), telepon genggam dan router. Para pengamat teknologi informatika beranggapan kesuksesan Linux dikarenakan Linux tidak bergantung kepada vendor (vendor independence), biaya operasional yang rendah, dan kompatibilitas yang tinggi dibandingkan versi UNIX tak bebas, serta faktor keamanan dan kestabilannya yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan sistem operasi lainnya seperti Microsoft Windows. Ciri-ciri ini juga menjadi bukti atas keunggulan model pengembangan perangkat lunak sumber terbuka (opensource software).

Sistem operasi Linux yang dikenal dengan istilah distribusi Linux (Linux distribution) atau distro Linux umumnya sudah termasuk perangkat-perangkat lunak pendukung seperti server web, bahasa pemrograman, basisdata, tampilan desktop (desktop environment) (seperti GNOME dan KDE), dan paket aplikasi perkantoran (office suite) seperti OpenOffice.org, KOffice, Abiword, dan Gnumeric

Sistem operasi Unix dikembangkan dan diimplementasikan pada tahun 1960-an dan pertama kali dirilis pada 1970. Faktor ketersediaannya dan kompatibilitasnya yang tinggi menyebabkannya dapat digunakan, disalin dan dimodifikasi secara luas oleh institusi-institusi akademis dan pada pebisnis.

Proyek GNU yang mulai pada 1984 memiliki tujuan untuk membuat sebuah sistem operasi yang kompatibel dengan Unix dan lengkap dan secara total terdiri atas perangkat lunak bebas. Tahun 1985, Richard Stallman mendirikan Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas dan mengembangkan Lisensi Publik Umum GNU (GNU General Public License atau GNU GPL). Kebanyakan program yang dibutuhkan oleh sebuah sistem operasi (seperti pustaka, kompiler, penyunting teks, shell Unix dan sistem jendela) diselesaikan pada awal tahun 1990-an, walaupun elemen-elemen tingkat rendah seperti device driver, jurik dan kernel masih belum selesai pada saat itu. Linus Torvalds pernah berkata bahwa jika kernel GNU sudah tersedia pada saat itu (1991), dia tidak akan memutuskan untuk menulis versinya sendiri.

Pada tahun 1992, Torvalds menjelaskan bagaimana ia mengeja kata Linux:“ 'li' dieja dengan bunyi [ee] pendek, 'nux' juga pendek, non-diftong, seperti dalam pUt. Linux hanya merupakan nama kerja untuk sesuatu, dan karena saya menulisnya untuk menggantikan minix di sistemku, hasilnya adalah apa adanya... linus' minix menjadi linux. ”

Torvalds membuat sebuah contoh audio yang berisi suara bagaimana pengejaannya dalam bahasa Inggris dan Swedia.[14][15] Tetapi, sebuah wawancara dari dokumentasi tahun 2001 Revolution OS mengindikasikan bahwa cara pengejaannya sedikit berubah.[16]

Dalam bahasa Inggris, banyak orang cenderung mengeja Linux sebagai [ˈlɪnʊks] atau [ˈlɪnəks]

Anywho, I decided to continue trying to map the data from the netcdf file onto a projection, and here's what I ran into.

It looks like the basemap module is installed (as basemap) but that it depends on matplotlib > 0.98 and 0.91 is installed. I tried to be tricky and move my locally installed matplotlib over to the sage/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages directory but then that version of matplotlib needed a newer version of numpy than what was installed. At this point I tried

hostname $> sage -upgrade

to see if updated packages/modules were available. This started a huge chain reaction of downloads and source compiling to get to the latest, greatest versions. This process took exactly 59m10.482s to complete (I know because it told me!).

But once again, I get this error:

sage: from basemap import basemap

ImportError: your matplotlib is too old - basemap requires version 0.98 or higher, you have version 0.91.1

At this point though, it's not working on either the linux or OSX platforms due to outdated dependencies, so either I need to find another way to plot mapped projections or use something else.

Again, this isn't a knock against Sage, because I really don't think that is an ideal test for this software. But honestly, a lot of why I went for this approach was to avoid having to use separate approaches for data manipulation and visualization, and this would be a common task. Matlab's mapping toolbox is useless to me for plotting, so I end up using m_map, which is still not as good as GMT, but it gets the job done in house.

My main thoughts at this point are that it seems easy to get into dependency hell here, as one module upgrade can force another, and so on. At this point it's another block of time spent on setup, and no result. Time to stop for the time being.

Technorati Tags:
Computers, linux, Mac OS X, programming, python, R, sage, scientific programming

Adobe ha publicado el 7 de Julio la version de Flash player Beta 2. Podeis descargar el instalador como fichero .tar.gz desde la siguiente pagina, en particular el fichero que nos interesa es este.

Adobe recomienda que desinstalemos las versiones previas que tengamos instaladas de Flash. Esto podemos hacerlo de la siguiente manera:

Borrando el fichero binario de libflashplayer.so y flashplayer.xpt desde el directorio /home//.mozilla/plugins/

Despues ya podemos usar el instalador (es un shell script que ejecutamos) tras descomprimir el fichero .tar.gz que nos descargamos antes o usamos el paquete deb que podemos descargar desde la siguiente pagina (Flash 10 sera incluido en la proxima version de Ubuntu 8.10, asi que ya estan paquetizando a .deb).

Reiniciamos Firefox y ya deberiamos tener el plugin instalado, Aunque podemos comprobarlo examinando la lista de plugins instalados si escribimos: "about:plugins" en la barra de direcciones.

Si acaso tuvieras problemas y quisieramos volver a la version de Flash 9. Elimina el paquete e instalalo desde los repositorios actuales:

sudo apt-get remove flashplugin-nonfree
sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree

bueno instalar este programa que emula msn es muy fácil, primero debes de descargar el paquete de softonic o de cualquier otra pagina de todas maneras aqui les dejo el link, http://amsn-portable.softonic.com/, bueno despues de instalar el paquete lo tiens que descomprimir, no importa realmente en que carpeta lo pongas, despues abres la terminal e inicias sesion como root o superusuario, tecleas su, te pedira la contraseña y despues de que la pongas das enter para entrar comno root, aclaro que al momento de poner la contraseña no aparecera nada, cosa que es normal, despues tecleas yum install amsn y listo, veras un buen de procesos, y esos tosn parte de la instalacion, despues ve a aplicaciones, internet y lo mas probable es que ahi tengas a tu programa.

They're a volunteer organization that takes people's unwanted old computers, strips them down, ethically recycles the unusable parts, takes the reusable parts and builds them into fresh computers. Then loads Ubuntu onto them and sells them dirt cheap or gives them away to people who need access to a computer but can't afford one.

Sounds like a damn fine organization to me. And, given that this is the sort of thing I do for myself all the time, it sounds like somewhere I should be able to do some useful volunteer work.

If the planets align, I'll go down there next Wednesday and see what it's all about.

Anyway, here is the bug, since the bulk of kernel development guys that work on this kind of stuff are at Red Hat anyway, I decided to file it there first.

The ACPI has problems, even with the latest 2.6.26-git9 kernel from kernel.org, even after all the patches to help with quirky ACPI, but are relatively minor compared with current distribution kernels, which means my board may never work right, and will certainly not work "well enough" til 2.6.26 distributions go out....

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=456352

Bugzilla Bug 456352: Bad ACPI support on Foxconn G33M/G33M-S motherboards with AMI BIOS
Opened by Ryan Farmer on 2008-07-22 22:43 EST

Description of problem:

Multiple ACPI problems and warnings on boot, PC will suspend and resume, but on
the next reboot, it hangs and requires a hard reset, Thermal Zone and Fan
control support also appear to be missing, I had to set the BIOS to take control
of the fans, or else they run at 100% at all times.

The website for this motherboard:

http://www.foxconnchannel.com/product/Motherboards/detail_overview.aspx?ID=en-us0000327

I am using latest BIOS, which seems to allow CPU Frequency scaling to function.

Version-Release number of selected component (if applicable):

Kernel 2.6.25.10-86

Running a 2.6.26-git9 kernel appears to fix (some?) of this in that ACPI: Failed
To Attach Device messages are gone and PC suspends, resumes, and reboots, still
get checksum error relating to tbautils.

Behaviour is the same with ACPI 1, 2, or 3.

How reproducible:

Steps to Reproduce:

1. Install Foxconn G33M or G33M-S motherboard.
2. Boot Fedora
3. Try a suspend, resume reboot.

Actual results:

Depdning on your kernel, either resume no worky, reboot no worky, and in all
cases, ugly kernel error messages.

Expected results:

Suspend, resume, reboot all worky, kernel gives no error messages.

Additional info:

I've attached a lot of all my kernel related messages.

I've attempted to ask Foxconn about this, and they recommended I remove all of
my RAM and see if the problem continues. (OK, not as useful as funny, but still)

Artikel ini di dasari oleh artikel Ardhian. Setelah saya mencoba sendiri dan ada sedikit perbedaan. Saya menggunakan CentOS linux v4.3 (with GNOME) dan Windows XP dengan tools XManager. Teknik yang akan saya uraikan ini harusnya cocok untuk Linux dari keluarga Redhat/ Fedora.

Demi berhasilnya teknik ini, ada baiknya anda mematika firewall/ iptables mesin linux anda pada saat configurasi dan testing. Jika sudah berhasil, aktifkan kembali firewall anda dengan menambahkan rule allow untuk port 177 (tcp/udp). Pastikan port ini tidak terexpose keluar network anda.

Step-by-step
1. Edit file /etc/rc.d/init.d/xfs. Ubah baris
daemon xfs –droppriv –daemon
menjadi
daemon xfs –droppriv –daemon –port 7100.
2. Edit file /etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess . Buang karakter "#" diawal baris
#* #any host can get a login window
menjadi
* #any host can get a login window.
3. Edit file /etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config dan edit baris
DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
menjadi
DisplayManager.requestPort: 1.
4. edit file /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf
cari section [xdmcp], edit baris Enable=false menjadi Enable=true
selain itu uncomment (buang karakter "#") baris-baris berikut (hanya yang ada di dalam section[xdmcp] ) :
HonorIndirect=true
MaxPending=4
MaxPendingIndirect=4
MaxSessions=16
MaxWait=15
MaxWaitIndirect=15
DisplaysPerHost=2
PingIntervalSeconds=15
Port=177
Willing=/etc/X11/gdm/Xwilling
5. Restart XWindows anda (ketik perintah: service xfs restart atau reboot sekalian)
6. Linux anda sudah siap. Dengan menggunakan XManager, harusnya ada sudah bisa mengakses Linux anda (ga usah di ajarin yah?

Keep reading for more on my experiences using Ubuntu Studio as my photo editing OS.

Unlike the regular flavour of Ubuntu, the Ubuntu Studio installer DVD does not come as a live disc. Instead, to install it you must use the text based installer. This is fairly straight forward and anyone who has installed Windows XP in the past will feel right at home. Once the install is complete, it's just a matter of waiting for the computer to restart and then you are greeted with a simple splash screen and a nice log in screen. After logging in, the desktop comes up (much faster than Vista might I add) and you are ready to first run the update manager to bring your system up to date and then begin installing additional software.

Under Windows, I had become some what reliant on Adobe's Lightroom for almost all of my photo processing. So the first thing I did was search to find a viable alternative to it. Unfortunately there was no single program that handled the image management side of things as well as having as much editing control as Lightroom so I had to settle for two programs to cover the main tasks. The first program that I use is DigiKam. I use it to import and catalog my photos when they first come of the card from the camera. It has basic editing features but I have not explored them in much depth as of yet. DigiKam's interface is easy enough to understand and it is customizable but again, I have had no real need to go in search of more themes as the program does enough for me as is.

Now that the management side of the operation was sorted, I needed a program to do the actual editing. Now, I could have opted to use the Gimp which comes with Ubuntu Studio but after using Lightroom for so long, I was more interested in finding a similar application for editing. The three that kept popping up were Lightzone, Bibble and RawTherapee. The first two are mighty powerful applications but with one big drawback, they are not free. RawTherapee however is. So I decided to see how that one went.

From first glance it looks a lot like the develop window in Lightroom. All the edit controls are on the right, histogram up the top and the film strip down the bottom. Opening images is a bit slow every now and then but nothing to be too annoying. Applying adjustments to your photos is fast and all of the controls are easy enough to understand. Having the history appear in a list on the left hand side is useful as well. Not just to go back to a certain point but so you know exactly what you have done on your photos. Of course, you can hide the bar on the left hand side and the one down the bottom to create more space for your image to reside in.

Once you have finished working on each photo, you can hit the save button, which saves it to a pretermined folder or the save as button which gives you more options on file types and save locations. There is also what appears to be a large update for RawTherapee in the works, so it will be interesting to see what new features are added in that.

Of course, there is still sometimes a need to do more extensive edits than what RawTherapee can be used for. For these times, there is the Gimp. It is basically a free program much like Photoshop. Some people think that it is complicated to use but honestly, it is surprisingly straightforward. Especially when coming from photoshop. Sure the interface is slightly different and your keyboard shortcuts won't work but it is still very much the same.

There are also various other image related programs that either come with Ubuntu Studio or are easy to get via the built in package manager. One of these is a panorama creation program called Hugin. As I haven't actually used it yet, I can't comment on it. But from what I have read, it is a very effective tool.

So what have I found from the past few months using Ubuntu Studio? Well, it is certainly a viable alternative to using Windows. Its fast enough, looks good enough and the programs available are certainly capable enough. There are programs that replace most of the other programs I use on Windows, Rhythmbox is a nice alternative to iTunes and even has iPod support, OpenOffice has come a long way in recent years and matches up to Microsoft Office very well and aMSN replaces Windows Live Messenger. Lastly, there is Firefox, but we should all be using that already anyway.

For me though, I'm going down the Mac path. Just missed using Lightroom a little bit too much...

Classica dotazione con 512Mb Ram, USB ed ethernet; Wi-Fi 802.11b/g.

Molti quindi i punti di riflessione su questo particolare netbook francese.

L'utilizzzo di un sistema Linux è senz'altro positivo, e la scelta non poteva che ricadere sulla Mandriva, anch'essa francese. Sull'onda della totale portabilità si è scelto di non dotare Gdium di nessun supporto di memoria, e l'utente ha a disposizione solo la chiavetta USB fornita in dotazione (8Gb o 16GB) che contiene sia il sistema operativo che i dati. Lato positivo della scelta è il fatto di portarsi sempre dietro tutto il proprio sistema riusabile ... riusabile??? NO in quanto l'architettura MIPS, quindi non ix86 praticamente introvabile! Quindi l'utente si porta dietro il sistema ma non troverà nessun computer sul quale eseguire il boot.

Il Gdium ha uno schermo da 10'', 512Mb Ram e le classiche porte ethernet, usb, connettività Wi-Fi e 512Mb RAM. il peso dichiarato 1,1Kg.